Pennsic 47 (part 3) - Woods Battle

Many many moons ago I used to walk into woods battles with absolutely no concept of tactics or strategy.  I had heard, or rather overheard, that there were, like, flags or something that needed to be captured.....or whatever.

Seriously, I'd wander around the woods and then fight whatever people I found with different color tape on their helmets.

It wasn't that I wasn't competitive.  I just never thought of it in terms of implementing a strategy to win the battle.  I just cared about killing people, and likely used kill counts as a measure of success.

Only in the last two Pennsics have I focussed my efforts toward capturing and holding flags, and with that comes a lot of thinking about how to do it and how my unit can be more effective in the task.


Sticking Together

Given the personalities within Anglesey, we are each very easily distracted by killing opportunities.  Sitting in a second rank, doing a job that involves standing around, or having to walk past lots of fighting to get to a position are all very difficult things for us to accomplish.  Often times we will get to rez point and walk back into the woods and hear something like, "we need fighters to go this way," and we think, "oh, that sounds interesting.  Maybe it will be better fighting than what we had before."

The problem that you run into is if you have a 30 person unit dedicated to fight over a position, and then 10-15-20 fighters start drifting off in different directions, you've given up a large chunk of fighters who were holding said position.  In my opinion, unless that position is clearly a terrible place to be, you should stick to it unless there is a coordinated plan with the leadership on the field to move your fighters to another position.

Equally as important, your unit *should* fight better together than it does working with different units that have different methods of fighting.

This year I think Anglesey and the rest of the Bog fighters did a better job of sticking together.  We fought on the blue side, and were given the pine trees to the right of the center banner.  After dying, fighters were to resurrect and come straight back to this position.  I believe we did that well.


Center Banner Layout

From the blue side (represented in green below), the center banner had a "bridge width" channel that was bordered on the left with some rather thick trees, and a medical area that was taped off on the right.

This created what was effectively a bridge battle over the flag, with a more skirmish style spear battle on the flank.  The midrealm seemed to make concerted pushes alternating between The Tuchux and Dark Moon, two sets of organized shock troop units who are well built for making these kinds of pushes.  The East's answer to that was Blood Guard, a similarly built unit.

The flank, on the other hand, was largely controlled by skirmish style spearing with shields and glaives used to keep any chargers at bay.

In the short video below you can see a first person perspective from the red side of that flank.

The picture below shows the basic path that Chad (the camera man) takes in the video (marked with a red dashed line):

Fighting Over the Banner

Essentially there are three main fronts in this battle with regard to the center banner that are fought quite differently.  In the center channel you have what I would call a classic bridge battle type scenario.  Organized units with big fighters that are heavy on shields tend to fight in this area.  There's a back and forth between the spearing while static (usually in order to allow the shields to recover), and then big coordinated charges to try to take real estate fairly quickly.

If I remember this battle correctly, red was better at making big pushes toward the flag with shield heavy charges, while blue was better at whittling red down with their spears, and then taking the flag back once they have been weakened. 

Which is the better tactic?  It all depends on what you have to work with.  Red was pretty successful every time they mounted a charge, but I believe that blue held the banner for a great majority of the time.  If a unit wants to capture a banner at a given time (like they know the battle is about to end), red's tactics are generally more successful.  They are also very exhausting, which comes into play in a 90 minute resurrection woods battle.


Fighting on the Right Flank

The second front is on blue's right flank, which is more or less a skirmish battle.  Though neither side will get any points from gaining ground on this front, if one side can push the flank far enough such that they can get completely around the medical area, they can get into the backfield of the main fighting force at the flag.  Because of this danger, more often than not fighters will be pulled away from the flag area to reinforce the flank, which then weakens the center unit. 

Fighting in this area is often heavier on spears, and more of a slower stand and peck kind of battle.  Looking at the short video above, in an area that holds 8-10 fighters, the rate of death was ~1 fighter every 20 seconds. 

Here ground is generally gained in one of two ways.  Either spears will pick apart their opponent such that a clear advantage has been gained, and then a big, slow push will begin which will cause the enemy to back away from their position.  The other is when, occasionally, a shieldman or two will find a weak spot in the line (maybe a position with only spears) and will pounce on them, break a hole, and get a few kills.  If successful, the other side will walk backwards to adjust their front.  If unsuccessful, the chargers will die leaving their own side weakened, and then will have to back themselves off of the slow push referenced in the first part of the paragraph.


Fighting on the Road to the Left of the Banner

Not pictured above is a road to the left of the center banner.  The fighting here tends to be more of a mix of the two positions described above.  There's more big coordinated charges than on the right flank, but more skirmish fighting than in the center.  I feel that this position is less critical than the other two, though it still has to be controlled.  More ground needs to be gained than on the right flank in order to get into the enemy's backfield, but it can still happen if left uncontested.


Nuances to Fighting on the Flank

The Bog fighters don't really fight as a single unit in this region, but rather in small clusters filling important gaps in the line.  In any given position you'll find 3-5 or more of us working together, but also mixing in with other fighters.  There are little subtle nuances that lead to killing opportunities as well as defending our line.  Some examples:

-  Getting the shields out of the way and into support positions.

In the first picture below, you can see shields up on the front line accomplishing little more than being targets.  Hey, who am I to tell them how to enjoy their battle, but if you want to be effective, I'm a big fan of getting shields off the line with rare exceptions.  Those being a) if there is no one else to fill that spot and b) if you are so good that you can effectively bait and fend off good spearmen.  Most people are not.

In the next shot you can see where Rygus (Anglesey), Sir Rory (Serpentius), and myself (being sneaky) take the front line with no shields in our way. 

And shieldmen are behind us, watching the battle, and discouraging anyone from rushing us.  Furthermore, they are protecting the corner of the medical area, which leads right into the backfield of the units fighting directly over the center banner.  In fact, a little before this screenshot, I had called one of our newer fighters over (pictured as the right most fighter in green) as I noticed that there was a critical weakness in that area with a couple of shieldmen directly across from that position.

-  Using spears to control the areas between the trees.

At the very end of the video, you see Chad ask the spearman to move to the left of the tree.  Shortly after he did that, Sir Rory moved into the position that he just abandoned and got a quick kill on the camera man.

Pushing the Flank

For a brief moment I was put in command of the center banner.  Oh, yeah, I got a kick out of that and tell everyone I run into.  I'm not too proud to brag!  During that time I saw that we had already lost control of the banner and did not really seem to have the numbers to directly take it back.

So I walked down the flank to see what was going on.  I noticed that we actually had about a 2 to 1 numbers advantage.  I found the only knight I could and asked if there was a plan to hold that position and he said no.  So I decided to call a push on the flank to try to apply pressure in the backfield of the center banner.  There were three fighters on the other side who were just hanging out, ready to waltz into our back field, so I asked three fighters to keep an eye on them.  As for everyone else, I called a big push forward.

Given the numbers advantage, it was actually quite easy.  Walk forward, and the enemy will walk back.  Shots didn't really even need to be be thrown.


Personal Approach to this Year's Battle

I died a lot last year fighting with a spear, mainly just by being too aggressive and not noticing that I was drawing the attention of enemy fighters.  Most of my deaths were from someone hiding behind a tree that I didn't notice.

This year I deliberately slowed down a bit and took more time to survey my surroundings.  As a result, I hardly died at all this year.  I made it a point to cycle in and out of the fight and take some time to watch the battle.  If we had control, I rested and watched.  If I saw a weakness in the line, or a hot spearman on the other side, and stepped in and went to work.  If the problem went away, I stepped out and let some of the younger fighters take over.

Pennsic 47 (part 2) - Field Battles

Shew!  These were the toughest field battles I ever remember fighting in (likely my 14th set of field battles at Pennsic since '94).  They were tough partly because we were so outnumbered, and partly because it was so hot and humid.  They were also tough because I was more cognizant of what was going on on the entire field than I'd ever been before.  Its much easier to stand in the front rank and throw a spear at whatever you see than it is to watch your army get surrounded and try to figure how the hell your one little unit will survive.


The Scenarios

We fought 5 field battles on what I can only guess is about a 200yd x 200yd square field, comprised of maybe 1500 total fighters (that's a complete guess).  The East lined up on the west end of the field while the Mid lined up on the east end.  There is a significant hill that peaks on the north west corner.  The fight is a single death battle.


The Strategy

There's a reason why this blog isn't called The Strategic Fighter.  I don't have much experience with large scale strategy and don't pretend to know a whole lot about it.  From watching the videos, it appeared that in each battle the Mid adopted a different tactic, either pushing on one of the flanks, or on both flanks, or pressing the entire army forward in one big move.  The East, on the other hand, with exception of a small unit that positioned itself in the middle of the field for a few battles, mainly waited for the Mid to advance.  Its not uncommon for units on the hill to stay up on the hill and make the enemy come toward them.


Unit Makeup, Terrain, and Weather Considerations

The Bog Celts are a rather unusual group of fighters.  We tend to skirmish well and have a lot of melee experience, but we don't follow commands well and currently don't have a lot of shields.  Last year we put together a unit of 40 fighters with about 50% shields.  This year we put together 31 fighters with only 30% shields.  This means that we tend to be good at relatively quick maneuvering (due to the skirmishing), filling in gaps, static battles, attacking flanks, and cleaning up.  We are not, however, built for stopping large units who wish to mount a big charge.

I knew that attrition was going to be a factor in these battles.  Some portion of the fighters on the field were not going to fight in all 5 battles, and if one side could be affected more, it might swing the battle.

Consider this;  it was very hot and humid.  Most people on the field were middle aged, over weight, have not done a lot of cardio before war, are covered from head to toe with only the face exposed allowing for minimal heat dissipation, wearing 40-50 lbs of armor, and had to cover a couple hundred yards of walking and fighting, not to mention the potential for walking up and down a hill.  Beyond the Xs and Os of the fight, minimizing the amount of movement on the field might be a factor worth considering.

..........or maybe I'm overstating it.  I will say, however, as I've gotten older, pacing and conserving energy have become bigger priorities, and I've been noticing my older friends sitting out more battles than they used to.


Best Laid Plans Often Go Awry

Last year we did very well in three of the four battles, pretty much rolling through whatever came at us.  Two years ago we had a small unit of 10 (it was a hot Friday) and found ourselves unopposed on a flank in each battle. Our unit was also almost exclusively seasoned vets, and as a result we were able to do quite a lot of damage given the great field position.

Our biggest weakness was not being able to reform after the initial engagement was complete.  We have a lot of headstrong, independently minded fighters in the group who just want to fight.  So this year we wanted to focus and taking a second to pause and regroup.

Unfortunately, we found ourselves in very different circumstances this year.  Instead of being unopposed on flanks, we found ourselves constantly walking into (and trying to avoid) kill pockets.  Being outnumbered, it was very difficult to outmaneuver what we hoped would be bigger and slower units.

Ultimately what we hoped to do was to find a gap in the field and get through to the back side and start rolling up on the flanks of engaged units.  That did finally happen in the 4th field battle, though a few of us dropped pretty quickly to archery.  In the first three, however, we were constantly pulling out of kill pockets (see below) and moving away from the larger forces coming at us from the top of the hill.  Instead of hitting a flank hard, we were sticking and moving, sticking and moving, sticking and moving. Instead of collapsing an army, we were hoping to merely get more kills than we had fighters, one at a time, and avoid a larger mass coming toward us.

Diagram turned 90 degrees from picture above.
(Top of diagram is left of picture.  Green figures represent the East/Blue side.)

Fight to the Last Fighter

Despite being outnumbered and overwhelmed in the first few battles, we managed to pull out two wins by the absolute skin of our teeth.  It was a good feeling knowing that for every last kill that I fought for, and for every last kill that anyone else on our side fought for, that it actually mattered in the end.  Not only that, but for every person who fought in any battle and even only did little more than die, that might have been the difference of making just one more person on the other side sit out one of the last two battles.

Much of what I talk about in these blog posts is small team tactics.  Most of what we do at our local melee practice is running a variety of scenarios with 2 on 2 up to 6 on 6, mainly just getting people used to working together in small teams.  I was elated to know that of the last 10 people remaining on our side who had to win battle #5 by killing the other side's last remaining fighters, that two of them are from the melee practice group that we put together in Philly.  There was also a third person in that group who was one of the many people who inspired my approach to fighting back in the 90s, and who uses exactly the same melee methods that I do.


Command and Communication

Command in Anglesey is simple.  Half the people in our group know what to do given what's right in front of them, and the other half know to support the first half when they do it.  Beyond that, commanding is more about communicating what is going on in the battle, and getting people out of bad spots.

Communication is the more difficult piece that I am learning the hard way.  I have many weaknesses, but one of my strengths is my field awareness.  This actually used to be a weakness of mine, but over the last 4 years I've worked really hard at improving it.  I'm having to learn that most other fighters don't see and hear what I do, or more importantly, when there's fighting going on, they don't hear shit.

Last year I had to pull our unit out of trouble and it was actually caught on Chad Burns' Combat Camera Corps video.  My commands were shouted out very quickly and I ran away immediately.  The lesson I learned is that they need to be a little more deliberate, and I need to give people time to react.  Anticipating what the enemy will do ahead of time helps, but I also need to remember that middle aged men in 50 lbs of armor aren't going to sprint me down in the middle of a field battle when I'm pulling a unit out, so I will normally have a bit of a window to get my commands off.

This year, however, I was still not very successful.  One time I yelled at the top of my lungs, "Anglesey, pull back!" five times in a row, and no one listened.  If I had to guess, I was probably 10 - 15 yards behind the unit.  Each battle I got more and more deliberate about yelling out commands.  In the last battle, I actually ran up to each fighter, grabbed their shoulder, and yelled in their ear.  This was by far the most successful, but by the time I got to the last fighter, the rest of the unit had disappeared.

Given this experience, moving forward I have the following in mind:

-  Train the newer fighters to echo commands when they hear them.
-  Lean in like a quarter back when yelling commands.  I don't need to be in their ears, but I also can't be shouting commands from 15 yards back.
-  Its okay to leave people behind.  I can spend 3-5 seconds getting our guys out of a kill pocket.  The rest?  They are just going to have to be our speed bump, and maybe they'll learn.


General Thoughts on Training for Battle

Given some of the above issues, as a former varsity basketball coach I know how to fix some of the problems.  I could, for example, run some drills and call a hold every time someone doesn't echo a command.  We'd then do some sort of "punishment" in order to reinforce proper habits.  This works great for a high school basketball team that practices 2 hours a day, 6 days a week.  But what about a group of adults who meet sporadically in a hobby that they do purely for fun?

Anglesey is spread out mostly in three kingdoms (Atlantia, East, and Aethelmearc).  We can get 70+% of our active fighters to the same five events a year, but beyond that, people practice on their own.  My approach to training and fighting philosophy is what I like to call "street balling."  Everyone needs to be able to fight with random people on the field.  The fundamentals about how to perform basic jobs on the field and the ability to read what the enemy is doing are key.  Most importantly, we always try to get small advantages in the fight.

This is much different than, say, Dark Moon or the TuChux who seem to work more on organized unit tactics?  Which way is right?  If I may quote myself from a recent conversation I had, "Who are you to tell me how to have fun in my hobby?"  In short, whatever keeps you and your friends coming back out is what you probably should do.

Pennsic 47 (part 1) - Allied Champions

Pennsic was hot!  Very hot....and very humid! 

And this year's Allied Champions battle was very different than in recent years in that the fight only allowed for a total of 5 substitutes.  That meant that 70 of the 80 fighters on a given side had to be prepared to fight for the full hour in the late morning of a very hot and humid August day.


The Format

With exception of the substitution policy, this year's battle followed the traditional format.  We fought in a rectangular field, each army starting at opposite ends, with the goal of capturing the other team's flag which is situated near their starting point.  Upon death, a fighter goes to the resurrection corral where they must wait for the corral to be released (once every 3 minutes).  If a flag is captured and brought back to that team's own flag, then a point is scored, the fight is stopped, and both sides are reset.

Last year's battle had ~30 substitutes per side, with unlimited subbing in and out.  This, combined with near perfect weather,  caused the battle to be much faster paced and higher energy.  Knowing that I only needed to fight for 6 minutes at a time before resting for 3, I was able to push myself very hard.

This year's battle was fought much more like a marathon.  His Majesty Dietrich of Atlantia and I had a short conversation prior to the fight about how our plans were to play mostly defense in for the first half hour and only taking shots that were sure kills, hoping that we'd still be in the fight once the other side started dropping out.

Additionally I'd like to note that Anglesey picked one of its newer up and coming fighters instead of a more seasoned veteran because this fighter was young with low body fat, and we thought he'd fare better in an hour long resurrection when compared to our middle aged big bubba's.  The main point being that heat was a major factor to strategize around (note my bare arms, below, for heat dissipation). 

Basic Strategy

In general, both sides meet in the middle.  Though the ultimate goal is to reach the banner, that's rarely done with an aggressive push from the middle.  A numbers advantage must be gained, which typically snow balls.  In other words, a small advantage allows for more kills, which leads to a bigger advantage which allows for even more kills, which leads to an even bigger advantage.  If the side are relatively balanced, it is not uncommon for both sides to push toward the banner from the right.  This is generally done with the spears, but sometimes a weakness can be exploited with shields (see below).


Tactical Mistake from Red

We (blue) were able to push hard on the right and grab two banners early on due to a mistake by Red.  Their far left flank was one rank deep with only spears on it.  Twice, a loan sheildman from our side was able to rush the spears which gained us lots of kills and a lot of ground.  On the third fight Duke Timothy and another knight with a shield moved onto the far left and did a great job of securing the flank, but that was only after being down 2-0.


Atlantia's Secret Weapon

I'm a stinker and give away all the best secrets.  His name is Hugo, and he's a beast of an unbelted fighter.  He's probably the fastest running fighter at Pennsic.  Two years ago he grabbed the first banner, but the point was taken away because one must wear a gauntlet in order to grab the flag.  This year he sacrificed hitting power and precision for the ability to grab the flag by wearing a gauntlet instead of fighting with the much preferred basket hilt.  As a result, he was able to run in and get the first two points.


Lord Bannon McLordy Pants

Bannon Macdugal of the Concusare (loooong time friend and ally of Anglesey, fighting together as kindred celts of the bog) also managed to grab two flags.  Being almost twice the age of Hugo, I asked how he was able to do it.  He said that as he got close to the banner, he waited until each of the 5 fighters defending the banner were engaged with other people, and then he used that opportunity to spring into action.

Oh....and that earned him a Lordship, which we tease him mercilessly about. 


Spear Movement Around the Flanks

As a spearman, the biggest thing you should be looking for in battles like this are opportunities to create kill pockets.  If you are at the point of the fight and driving the other team back, then you are in a good position, but those positions are so few relative to the number of fighters on the field.  Everyone else needs to figure out how to create a tactical advantage.

Normally what happens once a line starts to thin out is that a gap and/or bulge will form between the center and the collapsing flank.  Placing oneself in the gap can allow for opportunities on either the flank or the center.

Note on How to Handle Corral Releases

As I said earlier, though this is a game of field position, in my opinion, the numbers advantage is key.  There were times when we'd get about 3/4's the way across the field, and the corral would release near the flank that we were pushing.  We were told from the sideline to "stay the line" and to not "give up ground."

Like with any topic, I'm open to hearing different strategies.  This is one, however, that I disagree with, at least on the surface.  Lets say, for example, that we are down to our last 30 fighters, and they are down to 15, and then the corral opens up.  Before our guys can get up the field, we'd be at a 30 to 75 disadvantage, which is nearly impossible to defend.  Its always been my belief that, regardless of what ground you've gained, you have little choice but to walk back to mid field, reset, and press again. 

Shields vs Long Weapons

We had a great practice Friday night in the muggy summer heat in Philly.  We had 11 fighters show up, ranging from 5th or 6th time in armor, to 20+ years of experience.  What I think is especially great about these practices is that it seems to bring the newer fighters up to speed much more quickly than in more traditional practice settings.  We get a lot of fighting in, throw in different scenarios, and mostly let the fighters figure it out on their own.  If they can't fix their problems, then we'll talk about it, usually on the breaks.  Everyone is going to have a natural instinct based on their body type, fighting experience, and their athletic background.  I find, especially for younger fighters, that its better to let them figure it out on their own, and only step in when they are struggling.  I think that this is far more effective than to box them into a specific philosophy, as that teaches them to wait to be told what to do, rather than to explore their own talents.


Who Wins in a Shields vs Long Weapons Battle

We did several open field single death battles with 5 shields vs 6 long weapons (3 spears and 3 poles).  Who would you expect to win?  Take a minute to think about it.

The answer is actually that it all depends.  Who has the better fighters?  Who has the better strategy?  Who has the faster fighters?  Can a spear land an early face thrust?  Etc.

These fights turned out to be fairly evenly matched.  Most ended up with only one or two left alive on the field.  The point of this fight, however, was not to determine what is the better weapons mix, but simply to get experience in a situation where one team has a distinct long range advantage, while the other team has a distinct short range advantage. 

The original plan was to move fighters to the losing team until the sides were evenly balanced, whether that be a 6 on 5, or a 7 on 4, or whatever, but the fights were close enough that that wasn't ever really necessary.


How Does This Scenario Normally Play Out

There is one major mistake that either side will often make that leads to a loss in this type of fight, and that mistake is simply a lack of mobility.  The shields need to get in, and they need to get in fast.  If they stand there, they will get picked apart by the spears.

Likewise, if the shields charge and the long weapons get caught flat footed, then they will die a quick death.  The long weapons need to be very fast on their feet, mobile, and work together.  They need to be aggressive when their opponents are at range, and avoid getting hit when their opponents close. 

I was very happy to see that, for the most part, neither side made these mistakes.


Shieldmen Mistakes - Giving Up Outside Control
The way to win a battle of rock, paper, scissors, is if they throw rock, you throw paper.  The other way is to throw a bigger rock.  A lot of SCA groups, particularly in the East Kingdom, go with the bigger rock vs rock approach, which is to bunch up the shields and to get the jump on the charge.  Expecting that the opponent will do the same, whomever wins the initiative wins the engagement.  Effectively it becomes a sumo wrestling match.

With that said, the charging shield wall generally expects to engage two types of enemies; one who uses a similar strategy, or a disorganized mess that has no idea what they are doing.  When this type of unit runs into an experienced skirmish unit, they often have a hard time finding a unified focus and either charge in a disorganized fashion, or they default to what seems to be a human instinct (as I've observed) and go into the middle of the mass.  This allows the enemy to form a kill pocket and surround the shields.

What Poles and Spears Need to do to Survive and Potentially Win

1 - Don't stand there and get run over.

2 - Poles need to focus more on beating down shields and less on trying to find openings.  Beating on shields makes them raise their shields up and charge blindly.  If a pole finds an opportunity to kill someone, go for it, but don't wait for it.  Your job will be to keep those shields off of your spears and out of your backfield.  And don't be afraid to shove a man. 

3 - Spears need to run away, but also run to another fight.  A spearman has less than a 5% chance of getting a kill once a shield gets past his tip, so just get the hell out of there.  Literally turn and run. 

But when you do, realize that you have just taken yourself out of the fight, so get into a different fight as quickly as possible.  A couple of weeks ago we did a 2 on 2 drill, and surprisingly a pair of spears was able to hold its own against a pair of shields, but it was usually by killing the shield that it did not originally pair off against (and I don't mean by shooting on a diagonal.  I mean by running away from his opponent and eventually running into the other shield who is chasing after his partner who is also running away).

Now keep in mind, I'm not advocating to always run away.  As you progress through the years, the goal is to run away less and less, but no matter how good of a spearman you are, you will reach a point where you have no choice but to bail on the fight.  When that happens, get right back into another fight as soon as possible.

Proper Application of the Charge

For starters I'd like to note that this post is not titled Proper Execution of the Charge, but rather "application."  So much time is spent on HOW to charge, but not when, so before I get into this, let me pull from my experience as a former basketball coach.

I can remember teaching a bunch of high school boys a technique called "boxing out," which is a method of placing yourself between the opponent and the basket in order to grab a rebound.  Who ever had the better position, often determined by technique, would get the rebound, regardless of size and strength.  I remember teaching everyone the technique, and then I'd drill it in to them with a variety of drills.  Then I'd run a scrimmage and everyone would forget to box out, so I'd go back to the drawing board, do more instruction, and then more drilling, and then back to the scrimmage.....again, no improvement.

Then the lightbulb went off.  The problem wasn't that they didn't know HOW to box out, but that they didn't know WHEN to box out.  I mean, I told them.  And if I was to give them a quiz, they'd circle the right answer, but they would never think to do it in the moment.

Ultimately the problem was solved by blowing the whistle whenever they'd forget and then make them run a lap.  The punishment didn't need to be something terrible, just something that would be annoying enough to reinforce good decisions.

Likewise, so much time is spent in the SCA on the how, yet very little on the when.  I mean, I understand why.  The when is simply when the commander says.  But does the commander know when?  Someone in the unit has to know.  Right?


Execution of the Charge

I'll spend a little bit of time here, though its not the focus of the post.  Here are some basic thoughts on how to charge:

-  Generally shields lead the charge
-  Stick tightly together
-  Try to run at the same speed as the rest of your unit
-  Charging on an oblique tends to give you an advantage
-  Charge through the enemy to get the shields into the back field to clean up.  Your poles will cleanup what you left behind you.
-  If you call a charge, give yourself a beat to allow your unit to react, otherwise you will sprint ahead by yourself
-  Column charges and pulse charges behave a little differently


When Should You Charge?

To a hammer everything looks like a nail.  I've run into many commanders who seem to think that there is no situation that can't be solved with a charge.  More often than not, the advantage of a charge is not that you will win the engagement, but rather that you will resolve the engagement more quickly (meaning if you are going to lose, you will lose quickly).  More on that later, but first a list of when to charge and win not to.

You should charge if:

-  You have the advantage (usually numbers and skill)
-  You need to get to an objective and will take an acceptable amount of casualties or fewer
-  A static fight is to your disadvantage (they have archers and spears, etc.)
-  The enemy doesn't know how to repel the charge (depending on the circumstance)
-  Seizing the initiative will give you an advantage


You should not charge if:

-  You do NOT have the advantage (usually numbers and skill)
-  A static fight is to your advantage (you have archers and spears, etc.)
-  The enemy knows how to repel a charge (depending on the circumstance)
-  Seizing the initiative will NOT give you an advantage

The list may seem straight forward, and it is, but I think sometimes people are blinded by a little idealism.


Charging a Bunch of Spears

To begin with, I want to show some very simple, obvious situations where the correct call is to make the charge.  Later I'll cover some scenarios that didn't work out so well.

Below is funny video that is making the rounds.  Now I don't know if there were any clever tactics to bringing all of those spears so far out in front of their support, but at the very least this video illustrates a simple example of a bunch of shields running down a bunch of spears.  As there were no support weapons, and the spears had all turned to run away, there really was no value in slowing the charge up by sticking together, so they simply ran as fast as they could to get as many kills as possible (and a few laughs from the sidelines as well).

Charging When a They Have all the Archers

Some of my unit was recently in a 9 on 9 single death battle.  We actually had 10 fighters, so I volunteered to sit out and said one thing as I left, "They have 3 archers.  Don't stand there and get picked apart."

Normally our fighters like to spread out and force the fight either into a static spear battle, or to pick off people with 2 on 1 or 3 on 2 fights.  We are also good at waiting and repelling charges.  Especially with only 2 shields out of 9 fighters, this would be the inclination.   Had they employed any of these tactics, the archers would have decimated them.

So, instead they formed a 2 man shield wall backed by 3 poles and went very aggressively at the left flank, which flushed the archers off to the right side where they got run down by the rest of our group.  The battle was over very quickly.


Don't Charge if the Opponent Knows how to Repel It

Ok, there's a couple of things that need to be explained regarding this next video.  Often the unit that takes the initiative on a charge will have the advantage much like you would if you and your friend had a pushing contest.  If you jump and take the initiative and catch your opponent flatfooted, you well send him off balance.  When a unit charges at a flatfooted unit, they tend to knock them backwards and finish off the battle fighting "downhill."  The idea is that you will throw them a bit off balance, your shields can get through the front line and into the backfield to clean up the poles and spears, while your poles and spears follow up behind and cleanup their frontline.

However, this normally doesn't work if you a) charge into a unit that knows how to repel a charge or b) send smaller numbers into a unit with more numbers, especially if they also have equivalent levels of talent.

In many cases, charges are repelled simply by staying alive, absorbing the chargers, and trying to funnel them into kill pockets.  This isn't something that is normally planned but rather done on a more instinctual (drawing from experience) back of the brain level as each fighter bumps the chargers into other fighters, breaking them apart, hand having the back field surround them and beat them down from all sides.

Before getting into the video below, I should qualify it by saying that this was last year's Allied Champs battle and the army on the left was very experienced in this fight (having fought it at Pennsic every year) while the army on the right consisting of the East and Mid, had only fought it twice before.  Those armies worked very hard on the battle throughout the year and despite having some trouble early on, managed to pull out a victory in the end by a single point.

The battle itself is a capture the flag with resurrection corals that open every three minutes.  The basic strategy to is weed the other side down, normally with spears, and finish with a hard push toward the flag before the three minute coral release.  What tends to win this battle is a combination of numbers (its a 100 on 100, but substitutions are allowed.  More substitutes allow for more recovery), skill, and fitness (it is truly a test of endurance).

One last caveat, sometimes I catch flack for being overly critical of on the field leadership, so I think its only fair to point out that prior to the battle I thought that the East was going to employ a losing strategy by rotating substitutes in too often, and lowering the quality of fighters on the field.  I freely admit that I was wrong in my assessment and that I think their strategy is ultimately what lead to their success on the field (that, and letting me fight on their side instead of against them...........hey, I'm only one guy, but I did get a lot of kills if I do say so myself!)  =P

Anyway, what you see in the video is a 10 man charge early in the fight which initially pushes back the allies, but leads to the demise of many of the chargers without tallying up many kills.  I contend that this thins out the charging side giving the side that repelled the charge a numbers advantage.  If you watch the video, it takes about 25 seconds to recover the ground that was lost, and then the repellers keep sweeping forward toward the flag, eventually capturing it.

In a situation like this, I can only assume one must be thinking one of two things:

-  "Their spears are in the front.  We can charge those spears with our shields and kill them."

or

-  "If we charge them, we'll catch them flatfooted and then we can kill them."

Both thoughts may be true against most units, except that this was a champions battle, with both sides consisting mostly of experienced (some incredibly experienced) melee fighters.  These are spears who know how to quickly get out of the way, and shields and poles who know how to repel a charge.  It shouldn't be surprising that charging 10 people into a pack of 20-30 champion level fighters shouldn't end well.

I saw many examples of this in the video.  I've yet to really take the time to analyze the end of the battle, but I'm curious if the charges continued or if they eventually stopped.

Again, charging in these battles is not necessarily a bad idea.  They just need to be done either when one side has a clear advantage and wants to finish off the fight before the 3 minute mark, or they need to make a quick 10-20 yard push toward the flag in order to capture it.


The Statistics

After writing the above section I decided to watch the entire video, again.  I counted 7 "even strength" charges.  By that I mean that there were two solid static lines near the middle of the field, and one side decided to mount a charge (6 times it was the East/Mid).

1 was successful
1 lead to no change in advantage
5 resulted in an immediate capture of 10-20 yards, followed by a much greater loss as the other side pressed back within 30-40 seconds


If You are Going to Lose Anyway, do it as Slowly as Possible

I fought in a 50 on 50 battle last year.  Our left flank was defended by a small unit of relatively skilled (some highly skilled) fighters, who faced a larger unit also composed of relatively skilled (some highly skilled) fighters.  If you put these two units on the battle field by themselves, the larger unit is going to win 20 out of 20 fights, guaranteed.  It was an un-winnable matchup.

In the first battle, the larger unit marched across the field, mounted a charge, swarmed the smaller unit, and then marched into our backfield and cleaned us up.

That's an example of good application of a charge.  If you are going to win, win quickly, get it over with, and then get the remainder of your unit into another fight immediately. 

The following battle, the smaller unit made an adjustment by marching across the field quickly to meet the larger unit, and charged into them hard and fast!

The result?  Can you guess? 

They died, just like before, except much earlier in the battle and in a position that allowed the larger unit to get into their second engagement much more quickly.

Had this been against a unit of similar size and ability, and one that's not particularly skilled at repelling charges (like most unbelt champions teams.....great chargers, but not so much the repelling), this extra level of initiative might have been the key to winning the engagement.  But because they were so outmatched, it only resulted in a quicker defeat.

Given the choice between the two scenarios, the better play (waiting for them to come) was the first scenario.  Other options would have been to drag the fight even further away from the action, scatter before impact, get help from another unit, or trade flank responsibilities with another unit (ultimately the last choice was made in the next battle with much better results).

The point being, charging hard and fast was the worst of those decisions.


What if You Have Unlimited Resurrections?

I was criticized for having our unit standing and playing "ticky-tack" with our spears when we should have charged in a scenario where we have unlimited resurrections in a timed battle.  While I tend to agree that I am too tentative with calling a charge, the following statement I don't agree with.

"If you have unlimited resurrections, don't waste your time with your spears.  Charge.  If you die you have resurrections, and ultimately you will win the battle more quickly."

I know first hand that this statement is not often true only because I have personally called charges under exactly those circumstance that have lead to zero kills (I had also once helped repel a charge where our unit took zero kills).

Think about it by taking an extreme example.  Their side has 6 shields and 4 poles.  Your side has 10 spears.  How many kills will you get if you charge?  None.

Okay, what if you have 9 spears and 1 shield?  Probably still none.  8 spears and 2 shields?  What about 6 spears and 4 shields, but all of your shields are small and inexperienced and the other side has formed a kill pocket?

The point here is that there are plenty of situations that you can end up in where a charge won't lead to a single kill.  Sometimes you have to whittle the other side down with spears and archers.

And none of this takes into account the fatigue factor of multiple charges and walking to and from the resurrection point. 


Take Aways

If there's anything to gain from this, its the following:

- Not every problem can be solved with a charge
- Identify what kind of situations can be solved with a charge and which ones can't
- Charge when a charge will be effective
- Don't charge when a charge will not be effective

3 on 2 is Better Than 3 on 3

After writing 66 tactical blog posts, I've learned a lot about running a small melee practice.  One conclusion that I've come to is that a 3 on 2 practice is way more useful than a 3 on 3.

Why?

3 on 3's tend to turn into 3 one on one's.  This is especially problematic if you are a new fighter, or a seasoned tourney fighter who's done 1000s of reps training yourself for 1 on 1 fighting.  The 3 on 2, on the other hand, sets you up for a very obvious need to come up with a plan to win.  The larger team absolutely needs to learn how to win while taking no casualties and to win quickly, while the smaller team needs to learn how to survive and try to make the best of a bad situation.

On a side note, I used to be a high school basketball coach.  Every practice we ran 3 on 2 and 2 on 1 drills as do many basketball programs.  It is uncommon for a program to run 3 on 3 drills.


New Perspectives

This is probably the 4th time I've written about the 3 on 2 because I'm constantly learning more about it.  Now, tactics will certainly vary depending on the level of experience of the fighters.  A lot of kingdoms spend a lot of time trying to get their fighters to stick together because there is safety in numbers, so what you are about to read may be counter productive for what I call "kingdom fighters" (fighters who don't train for melee with a household and intend to fight with the kingdom at big wars).   More often than not, when fighting a 3 on 2, both teams need to split, and I'll explain why.  Keep in mind as you read through the explanation, I'm merely trying to present an analysis of why it works.  This isn't conjecture, but rather a review of what I've learned through many, many repetitions of this drill. 


2 on 1 and 45's

Many should be well aware after a little bit of experience that they key to beating a single opponent with two fighters is to attack at 45 degree angles. 

This isn't really any different for a 3 on 2 advantage.  The left fighter tries to get to a 45 degree attack angle on the opponents' right fighter, and the right fighter does the same on the opponents' left fighter.  The center fighter then attempts a 45 degree attack angle on either one from the inside.

Now consider the 2 on 1 from the singe fighter's perspective.  What he wants to do is position himself around one of the fighters in order to take the other fighter out of the fight and turn it into a 1 on 1.

Again, the same for a 2 on 3.  Essentially by splitting out wide, both fighters can attempt to take the middle fighter out of the fight.

Ultimately, if both teams know what they are doing, the fight will break up into a 2 on 1 on one side of the field, and a 1 on 1on the other side.  This is caused by the team of 2 splitting and then the center fighter on the team of 3 committing to one side or the other.

Disadvantages to Moving as a Unit

What is often taught is to move together as a unit and to attempt to throw your unit at the flank of the opponents' unit.  Again, this may be the best strategy given the abilities of your team, but I'd like to outline the weakness in this approach.  In either case, the team that moves as a unit leaves a glaring weakness on their trailing side that it easy to double up on.

Of course, both of these counters require the receiving team to know how to react to a unit charge.  Most of them don't, which is one of the reasons the unit charging on the oblique is as effective as it is.  For what it is worth, I have tried this maneuver several times and have lost many times to a much weaker opponent.

Thoughts About Who to Double Up On

We did a lot of 3 on 2s last Friday night and, with that group of people, ultimately we went for a strategy of doubling up on the weakest fighter.  This may seem counter intuitive in that you might think you'd want to match your 2 fighters against their best and 1 fighter against their worst in order to present a balanced attack.  My line of thinking was that we don't need to win the 1 on 1, only survive it.  If we double up on the weaker fighter, that should ensure the quickest kill.  If the single fighter simply goes into full defense mode, he shouldn't have to last longer than a few seconds before help arrives.

Again, this all depends on who the fighters are.

2018 Spring Melee Practice Scenarios

I made some adjustments to my approach for melee practice this spring and, so far, its been a huge success!  In short I've been using social media to get the word out, finding a neutral location, and using the Markland system instead of the SCA system.  While the SCA is great, the biggest, and one of the best games in town, the tourney focus and the armoring requirements were making it difficult for me to get something consistent going.  To use just one example, its not uncommon for someone in the SCA to drive 3 hours to a practice, and if it happens to be your practice, its not very hospitable to run melees when they were coming to prepare for a major tourney. 

I've found that Markland was an easier gateway to bring in new people, while also allowing SCA regulars to fight, hence the reason why I started a practice near, but before, one of the local SCA practices.  I can get new people into loaner armor and throw them into the mix with no authorization, while some of the SCA people can jump in to a few fights as a warmup for the following SCA practice.  (For those not aware, Markland is very similar, but with an inch of foam on the hitting surface).

Practice Scenarios
What I like in a good scenario is A) everyone fights the whole time (minimal standing, guarding, etc.) and B) some sort of learning, teamwork, etc. takes place.  Most of our scenarios have consisted of between 8 and 11 fighters.  The ultimate goal is not to form unit cohesion, or sticking together, or following command, but rather for everyone to have fun, get some experience under different situations, and learn to work together without being told what to do (though we still communicate).  This is, for lack of a better term, "Street Ballin'," the ability to adapt to any situation on the fly.

Single death.

3 lives or unlimited resurrections.

Single death.

3 lives or unlimited resurrections. 

3 lives or unlimited resurrections. 

3 lives or unlimited resurrections. 


Short blog today.  Hope you enjoyed!